Empyema is a serious condition characterized by the accumulation of pus in the pleural cavity, the space between the lungs and the chest wall. It typically develops as a complication of pneumonia, lung infections, or other respiratory conditions. Here's a closer look at the causes, symptoms, and treatment options for empyema:
Causes:
Empyema often occurs when bacteria invade the pleural space, leading to infection and the subsequent accumulation of pus. Common causes include:
Pneumonia: The most common underlying condition, especially in children.
Lung Abscess: An infected pocket of pus within the lung tissue.
Bronchiectasis: A chronic lung condition that damages airways and increases infection risk.
Tuberculosis: A bacterial infection that can affect the lungs.
Symptoms:
Fever and chills.
Cough, often producing thick, yellow or greenish sputum.
Shortness of breath and chest pain, which worsen with deep breaths.
Fatigue and weakness.
Treatment:
Antibiotics: To target the underlying infection.
Thoracentesis: A procedure to drain the infected fluid from the pleural space.
Chest Tube Insertion: In severe cases, a chest tube may be placed to continuously drain the pus.
Surgery: Occasionally, surgical intervention may be necessary to remove infected tissue or create better drainage.
Early diagnosis and treatment of empyema are crucial to prevent complications such as lung abscesses, pleural thickening, or chronic respiratory problems.
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