Pulmonary tuberculosis, commonly known as TB, is a contagious bacterial infection caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis. TB primarily affects the lungs but can spread to other organs.
It spreads through the air when an infected person coughs or sneezes. TB symptoms include persistent cough, chest pain, fatigue, fever, and weight loss.
Diagnosis involves chest X-rays, sputum tests, and blood tests. TB treatment typically consists of antibiotics taken for several months. It's crucial to complete the full course of antibiotics to prevent drug-resistant strains.
TB can be latent, where the bacteria are dormant, or active, where it causes symptoms and is contagious.
Latent TB can become active if the immune system weakens.
High-risk groups include people with HIV, diabetes, and those in close contact with TB patients.
Prevention involves vaccination with the BCG vaccine and infection control measures.
TB is a global health concern, with millions of new cases reported annually.
Stigma and discrimination against TB patients hinder its control. Timely detection and treatment are essential to reduce its spread.
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